Chandan Singh | generalization

generalization

some notes on generalization bounds in machine learning with an emphasis on stability

# uniform stability

• Risk: $R\left(A_{S}\right)=\mathbb{E}{(X, Y) \sim P} \ell\left(A{S}(X), Y\right)$
• Empirical risk: $R_{\mathrm{emp}}\left(A_{S}\right)=\frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \ell\left(A_{S}\left(X_{i}\right), Y_{i}\right)$
• Generalization error: $R\left(A_{S}\right)-R_{\mathrm{emp}}\left(A_{S}\right)$
• Sharper Bounds for Uniformly Stable Algorithms
•  uniformly stable with prameter $\gamma$ if $\left \ell\left(A_{S}(x), y\right)-\ell\left(A_{S^{i}}(x), y\right)\right \leq \gamma$
• where $A_{S^i}$ can alter one point in the training data
• stability approach can provide bounds even when empirical risk is 0 (e.g. 1-nearest-neighbor, devroye & wagner 1979)
• $n\underbrace{\left(R\left(A_{S}\right)-R_{\mathrm{emp}}\left(A_{S}\right)\right)}_{\text{generalization error}} \lesssim(n \sqrt{n} \gamma+L \sqrt{n}) \sqrt{\log \left(\frac{1}{\delta}\right)}$ (bousegeuet & elisseef, 2002)